In the Name of Shiva, the Most Glorious, the Most Obvious, the
Highest God, Master of the Universe, Lord of Yoga, Lord of Unity

[1]   [2]   [3]   [4]   [5]   [6]   [7]   [8]   [9]   [10]   [11]   [12]

 

 

SHRI SHIVA RAHASYA 

 

 

THE SIXTH LIGHT

(Chapter Six)

6

 

Wherein the Mystery of the Supreme Lord’s

Wondrous Power (Maya) is revealed

 

 

Om is the Eternal Sound Supreme.  Of that all other sounds are born.

 

 

Lord Shiva said:

 

  1.  O Sages! listen you now to God's Great Work of Magic, by knowing which, man is sure to become a Deathless One.

 

  2.  All unenlightened Souls in this World are known to be Bound Creatures (Pashus).  I am worshipped as their Lord (Pashu-Pati).

 

  3.  For My Own Pleasure, I the Lord, bind these Souls by means of My Cosmic Magic.  For My Own Pleasure, I also set them free.

 

  4.  I, the World Soul, the Eternal Overlord of living things, am the sole Liberator of those who are bound by Maya (God's Magic Power).  Knowers of Spirit, therefore, know Me as the Liberator of the World.  Hear you My Supreme Knowledge!

 

  5.  Though Truth Is Ever One, of Its Own Free Will It manifests Itself as many.  Thus out of the One Supreme Self, Knower, Knowledge and Known Object are born.  Though appearing to be different, the three are but One.  For, the Known Object is the product of Knowledge; and Knowledge is the activity of the Knowing Self.

 

  6.  The object is made of the Five Material Qualities (Bhuta-Gunas) which are well-known to the Wise.  They are Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space.  They are born of the Mind in this way.  That activity of the Mind that gives rise to the experience of an emptiness that spreads out in all directions like the Sky and wherein other things may be seen to exist, is the Quality of Space (literally, Sky, Akash-Guna).  That which gives rise to the experience of nearness or distance, location in space and movement, is the Quality of Air (Vayu-Guna).  That which gives rise to the experience of form, shape and size, is the Quality of Fire (Agni-Guna).  That which gives rise to the experience of softness, moisture and fluidity, is the quality of Water (Apas-Guna).  And that which gives rise to the experience of solidity, stability and firmness, is the Quality of Earth (Dhara-Guna).

 

  7.  All objects of the senses are known by these Five Qualities.  When an object such as a Water-Jar is perceived, it is seen to spread out and fill up a portion of space as well as being surrounded by emptiness and being itself empty, either partly or fully, inside.  Thus the Mind-created Quality of Sky (or Space) is plainly seen in the perception of Jar.  The Quality of Air is manifest in the Jar's nearness or distance in relation to other objects and to the perceiver himself.  The Quality of Fire is likewise clearly perceived in the Jar's form, shape and size.  The Quality of Water is perceived as being absent in the Jar itself but present in the water contained therein.  And the Quality of Earth is perceived in the Jar's stability and firmness that make it an earthlike experience, as it were.

 

  8. Thus it is established that an object consists of the Five Material Qualities I have described.  If they ask you, My Lord, is a Jar not made of clay?  Say to the doubter: Verily, what is true of the Jar that also is true of clay.  For, the physical things called, Earth, Water and the rest that make up clay are themselves the product of the Five Qualities.  And these are made of Mind as explained before.  All material objects are made of the Mind-created Qualities.  There shall be no doubt about this.

 

  9. Listen you now how the Material Qualities are born of the Five Primary Perceptions (Tanmatra-Gunas).  These are: Scent, Flavour, Colour, Touch and Sound.  Without these, no Material Qualities would be perceived.  When the Mind emits a sound vibration in the Sky of Consciousness, it spreads out in all directions, producing the perception of a wide expanse like that of Sky (or Space).  Thus, from variations in Sound there arises the Quality of Sky.  When the Mind creates changes in the feeling of Touch, there arises the experience of movement like that of Air.  When the Mind produces changes in a Colour, it beholds various forms, shapes and sizes like the flickering flames of Fire.  When the Mind tastes various Flavours it perceives moisture and fluidity as in Water.  And when it smells various Scents, as a result of their lingering on, there arises within the Mind a feeling of permanence, stability and firmness like that of  Earth.

 

  10.  Thus it is established that the Five Material Qualities are the product of the Five Primary Perceptions: Sound produces the Quality of Sky; Touch produces Air; Colour produces Fire; Taste produces Water; and Scent produces Earth.  A material object is a combination of these five.

 

  11.  The Five Primary Perceptions in turn are made of the Mind's Five Powers of Perception which are: Smelling, Tasting, Seeing, Feeling by Touch and Hearing.  The Power of Hearing produces Sound.  For, when the Mind wishes to hear there arises within it the sensation of Sound.  Thus the Power of Hearing produces Sound.  Feeling produces Touch.  Seeing produces Colour.  Tasting produces Flavour.  And Smelling produces Scent.  Thus it is established that the Mind's Powers of Perception bring forth the Five Primary Perceptions and these bring forth the Material Qualities that make up the objects of the World.

 

  12.  Now, the Soul acts upon the object by means of his Five Powers of Action which are: Speaking, Grasping, Moving, Discarding and Procreating.  When the embodied Soul hears a Sound, he wishes to give answer and emits a Sound.  Thus Speech (Vak) is born.  When the Soul senses a Touch he wishes to grasp that which has touched him.  Thus Grasping (Hasta) is born.  When the Soul perceives a Vision of a thing, he wishes to move nearer or further in relation thereto.  Thus Moving About (Pada) is born.  When the Soul has tasted, eaten and digested some food, he wishes to discard the same from his body.  Thus Discarding (Paya) is born.  When the Soul senses the Sweet Fragrance of a person of the opposite gender he is overcome by a desire to produce offspring.  Thus Procreating (Upastha) is born.

 

  13.  O noble ones! of the Soul's desire to know, the Powers of Perception are born; of these are born the Primary Perceptions; of Perceptions, the Material Qualities; and of Qualities, the object.  Likewise, when the Soul desires to act the Powers of Action are born.  Thus a Soul's Powers of Knowledge and Action are born of the Soul's Power of Will.

 

  14.  Verily, everything is born of will.  As the Soul, so the Lord too, has a Will.  Only whereas the Lord Wills out of Plenty, the Soul wills out of lack thereof: Whilst the Lord creates the World, the Soul creates limited things.

 

  15.  It is only when the Soul is impelled by the Lord's Will, that he desires to accomplish great things.  Therefore a man of Spirit is known by his will.  A great man is ever desirous to know things of the Soul.  Whilst the others follow their craving for material things, he seeks for a Higher Truth.

 

  16.  O you who are most wise! know that Knowledge is of three kinds: Lowly, Middling and High.  The lowly is that knowledge acquired from others.  It is called Tradition (Agama) or Hearsay (Shabda).  The middling is knowledge acquired by oneself through reason.  Hence, it is called Reason (Anumana).  And the highest is knowledge acquired neither from others nor indirectly through reason but in direct experience.  Hence it is called Direct Experience (Anubhava).

 

  17.  As the Knowledge, so men too are of three kinds: the lowly who never reason but live their life by Tradition or Hearsay; the middling who make use of their Reason; and the highest who wish to know for themselves.

 

  18.  When, impelled by the Lord's Will a Soul wishes to know the Truth, he is instructed into Truth.  By the Power of that Truth he lifts himself up to Higher Planes like a bird soaring in the Sky.  Having attained to Higher Worlds he becomes Awakened and Wise.  Therefore, hear you My Word of Truth that you may attain the Highest!

 

  19.  The Awakened Soul beholds the Glory of Him Who Is One.  But the Sleeping Soul sees only the World which is born of his own Power, like a dream.  That Power is called Material Energy (Prakarti).  Oblivious to the Joys of Heaven and wishing to experience worldly life, the Sleeping Soul descends into the World of Matter.  Therein he abides as if enveloped in a dark shroud.  The upper part of the shroud is the Intellect or Higher Mind, called Buddhi; the lower part is the Lower Mind, called Manas.

 

  20.  Buddhi is that aspect of Material Energy which has the capacity to reflect Intelligence.  It reflects the Soul's Power of Knowledge and illumines the Lower Mind.  The Sleeping Soul abides between the two.  Looking upwards he perceives the Light of Knowledge.  Looking downwards, he sees the Activities of the Lower Mind.  As the Sun abides between Heaven and Earth, so the Soul, having become an Ego (Limited Person) abides between the Higher and the Lower Mind.

 

  21.  From the will to live, Knowledge and Action are born.  Verily, both Knowledge and Action are born of desire.  Desire is the activity of the Mind.  And the Mind is that aspect of the Soul which desires.  For, when the Soul rests in himself, he is happy, peaceful and still.  But when he desires a thing he rests not till he has obtained the object of his will.

 

  22.  He impels the Lower Mind to seek out sensations and the Mind abides by the Soul's will.  Like an obedient servant, the Lower Mind sends out the Senses into the Soul's Field of Perception and returns forthwith with a great array of objects fashioned by it from the aforementioned Qualities.  Thus the unawakened Soul lives his life in a World of Qualities which are mere shadows of the Heavenly Glory and his Original Home.

 

  23.  Thoughts, Feelings, Senses and the Qualities that make up the objects of the World, arise out of the Soul's own Subconscious Energy.

 

  24.  Each and every Soul is endowed with his own Energy, inseparably attached unto him as his own material aspect and object of experience.  The Material World perceived by each Soul is born of that Energy.  It consists of Three Constituent Qualities (Maha Gunas).

 

  25.  Luminosity, Activity and Darkness, these are the three Primary Qualities of Matter (Maha Gunas).  They are the Life-Strands whereby, in countless combinations, I weave the Fabric of the Universe of Conditioned Existence, warp and woof.

 

  26.  Being the subtle strands that make up the living Web of Life, these three are seen only by the Wise (Jnanis) who are possessed of Higher Knowledge.  The others only see their effects.  Listen therefore to their attributes and functions, that they may be known and seen by all.

 

  27.  Light (Sattva) is knowledge.  Darkness (Tamas) is insentience.  Activity (Rajas) is the combination of the two.  They are experienced as pleasure, insentience and pain, respectively.

 

  28.  When a man has a perception of a person dear to him as being near him, his mind is pleasurably affected.  He thinks to himself, Happy indeed am I.  This is the Primary Quality called Pleasure.

 

  29.  When he is devoid of all perception, as when intoxicated or in deep sleep, his mind is overcome by dark numbness.  He thinks nothing at all.  This is the Primary Quality called Insentience.

 

  30.  But when he perceives himself alone, without the dear one, his mind is tormented with pain.  He thinks to himself, Alas, my dear one is gone.  Unhappy indeed am I.  This is the Primary Quality called Pain.

 

  31.  Thus, Pleasure is consciousness of a desired object, Insentience is absence of consciousness and Pain is consciousness combined with the absence of the desired object.  They are the constituent elements of all experience in worldly existence.

 

  32.  A man bound to worldly existence constantly goes through these three states and their countless combinations.  All his experiences are born of these.  Verily, there is no way out for one who knows nothing higher.

 

  33.  Before the creation of the Material World; when the World is in a state of Dissolution; and in Deep Sleep, the Three Qualities lie undifferentiated in perfect equilibrium and inactive.

 

  34.  When in perfect equilibrium, they constitute what is known as Unmanifest Matter (that is, Material Energy in its not-yet-manifested potentiality).

 

  35.  At the time of Universal Creation, at birth, and upon waking from deep sleep, I stir them into action and they begin to affect the Soul according to Karma and in conformity with My Cosmic Plan.

 

  36.  At the time of entering deep sleep, at death, and in Universal Dissolution, I suspend the interaction of the three and the Soul remains unaffected and inactive.

 

  37.  There is no happiness in the World of men without knowledge of the three constituents of life.  For, ignorance thereof produces imbalance among the Gunas and leads to suffering.  Spiritual Knowledge creates balance among the same and leads to happiness.  Therefore, the wise strive to increase both knowledge and happiness.

 

  38.  The wise know that what is commonly regarded as Desirable and Undesirable tempts one into the bondage of ordinary Action (Karma).

 

  39.  Each thought, word or deed, leaves a latent trace in the Soul, like a seed left in the earth by a plant.  In due time, it springs to life affecting one according to its nature, good, indifferent, or bad.

 

  40.  As a King who, being forced by a great fire, earthquake, or flood to abandon his Capital City, gathers his subjects round his person before departing thence, so the Soul who is the Spiritual Sovereign of the Material City called Body, descending into the heart, assembles his mental powers round himself, when Death approaches.

 

  41.  As the King, followed by his people, departs by the Northern Gate, the Eastern Gate, the Southern Gate, or the Western Gate as the circumstances may require, so the luminous Soul goes out by the crown of the head, eyes, or other bodily parts according to his state of mind.  As he leaves, he is followed by his life-breath, intelligence and knowledge of things present and past.  They all go with him like a swarm of fireflies or bees.

 

  42.  As the King, surrounded by his people, having left the old City behind, gives orders for a new City to be built upon a suitable spot, like a hilltop or riverbank, and according to the knowledge of his priests, architects and masons, so indeed the Soul, the Lord in the midst of life-breath, intelligence and the rest, makes for himself a new body when the time is right and according to his mental powers.  Then he re-enters the World.

 

  43.  According to the Universal Law which says that man is what he thinks, one's future life, body and circumstance depend upon one's last thoughts.  Therefore, he who at the time of departing from this World thinks of Me, the Lord, that one shall go to My Supreme Abode.  But he who thinks of other, lower things, shall go the downward way.  For only two ways exist: one that leads to Me and one that leads away.  What applies to thoughts, that applies to speech and physical deeds.

 

  44.  Thus, as the fruits enjoyed by a farmer at harvest time are born of the seed planted by him at sowing time, even so one's present life is born of past actions, whereby one is bound.  This bondage is called Karma.

 

  45.  Having performed an action with a view to obtaining some object or another, one is bound to the result of one's action according to the Inexorable Law of Cause and Effect (Karma).  But that Action which springs from Knowledge (and not ignorance), which is selfless and is aimed at Me, the Highest Goal, leads to Liberation and not to bondage.

 

  46.  Ignorance, Egotism, Passion, Aversion and Attachment shall be known as Bondages (Pashas).  They obscure the Soul's Light of Knowledge and lead him to perform actions that bind him to his painful condition.

 

  47.  Maya (Cosmic Illusion) is the sole cause of these Bondages.  It is the Divine Power (Shakti) whereby I Create Limited Existence.  Through My Power of Maya, I first bring forth the Unmanifested Material Potentiality whereof all material things are born.  Through the Power of Maya, I divide Myself into Spirit, the Conscious Soul, and Matter, the unconscious Object.

 

  48.  I Alone Am the Eternal Supreme God.  I Am at once Matter and Spirit and their products such as the Intellect and the rest, too.  I Alone Am the Bondage and the Creator of Bondage; I Who Create both Bondage and the Bound Souls; I Who Know everything but Am known to none.  I Am the Primordial and Ever-Living Ancient One.

 

  49.  O you who are Tigers amongst men! of My Own Free Will I Envelop Myself in Maya, even as the Sun envelopes himself in Clouds.  Like the Sun behind the Clouds I surround Myself with the Veil of Maya and hide Myself from the World.

 

  50.  Divested of My Light, the whole World goes to sleep.  Having put the Souls to sleep, I the Ever Awake, enchant them all with My Great Dream.  Verily, there is no greater Work of Magic than the World wherein all Souls dream.

 

  51.  No Soul shall ever rouse from the Great Sleep of Maya save by My Divine Command.  But My Word of Truth shall work in those who hear It and they shall stir in their sleep.  The chosen ones shall be ready for My Call.  And hearing the Sound of Awakening they shall rise from their sleep like deer at the call of a great stag.

 

  52.  O you who are the Jewels of the World! he that understands the Twenty-Five Life-Principles from Soul down to Earth, perceives himself as a free and happy Soul.  But he who understands the Great Secret of Maya, he is a Knower of all Thirty-Six Principles and is One with the Great God.

 

  53.  The Five Material Qualities, Five Primary Perceptions, Five Powers of Knowledge and Five of Action; Lower Mind, Ego, Intelligence, Material Energy and the Soul above these: they are the Twenty-Five.  He who knows this is a Wise Soul indeed.  But he who knows Maya and what lies beyond, is Three Times Wise.  For he knows the Five Fetters, Maya which is their Support, and the Five Powers Divine.  Verily, such an one knows the Secret of the Thirty-Six which Is the Greatest Secret of all.  There is naught to be known beside the Thirty-Six.  He who knows these, knows everything and all.

 

  54.  As many birds build their nests in a great Tree, so countless Sleeping Souls weave the dream of their lives in Maya's Great Abode of Slumber.  As cave-dwellers dwell in their caves within a great Mountain, so myriads of Dreaming Souls dwell within the Great Cave of Maya which is the Souls' own Heart.  The Yogi who knows this, meditates upon the Truth within his heart and beholds the Greatest Light.

 

  55.  By His infinite Power of Freedom, the Great Power, the Great Light, creates the Great Cave of Maya.  Of Maya are born the Five Fetters that tie down the Soul to the Material World.

 

  56.  As a Great Star shines from afar through the dark Night Sky, so the Supreme Sun of Consciousness, the Great Light from the Highest Height, passes down through the dark Veil of Maya and becomes a Star-like Soul shining with Five Rays of Light: That Light of Lights Which having enveloped Itself in the Great Veil of Maya, makes a mere mortal of a Deathless Soul, is the Power of Limited Time (Kala).  That which binds an All-Pervading Soul and determines the fruits of his deeds is the Power of Limited Efficiency (Niyati). That which makes an All-Wise Soul know only limited things, is the Power of Limited Knowledge (Vidya).  That whereby an All-Powerful Soul can accomplish only few things, is the Power of Limited Action (Karma).  And that which causes a Perfect Soul to crave for worldly things, is the Power of Attachment (Raga).

 

  57.  Thus, having become many, the One Great Light shines in the Cave of Maya like as a myriad of Stars: each sending out its Fivefold Light into the dark.

 

  58.  Now, the Soul who meditates in his deepest heart upon the Uppermost Star, rises by its light into the dark Maya Sky and passing through it goes far beyond, to the World of Light wherein he shines like the One Sun Bright; he then goes higher still where he is One with the Great Life, the Infinite All-Supporting Sky.  Drinking of the cool waters of the Lake of Remembrance that lies beyond the boundaries of this World, the Soul remembers his Five Powers Divine and attains to the Most High.

 

  59.  Verily, he who by means of Yoga knows that I am the Lord of Maya and that he is Identical with Me, he rises above the World and is forever Free.

 

  60.  As a serpent casts off his slough, as an elephant draws himself out of the mud, as a sick man (upon recovering) rises from his bed, even so the Yogi shall rise above the World and go to My Supreme Abode.  Thus I, the Great Lord, teach and declare.

 

 

Commentary to Chapter Six

 

     5.  The Known Object is the product of Knowledge and Knowledge is the activity of the Knowing Self: Everything that can be said about something we experience, be it a physical object, a sense perception, emotion or thought, for example: shape, size, colour, hardness or softness, fulness or emptiness, distance or nearness in time and space, pleasantness or unpleasantness, etc., is nothing but an activity of Consciousness and hence a function of Knowledge, that is, the power Consciousness has of relating to itself and to other things.  For this reason, in Yoga, such activities or creations of Consciousness are known as Abhasas or Appearances (from bhas, to shine), that is, what shines or appears to the experiencing Consciousness, like one’s reflection in the mirror.  As manifestations of Consciousness - some basic, others more complex - the Abhasas represent the fundamental units of experience that constitute all things from the Universe down to the smallest possible object. We may, therefore, reasonably conclude that everything is a creation of the Conscious Self.

 

     14.  Verily, everything is born of will: Will is the power whereby Consciousness is aware of Itself as a force that is capable of performing action (that is not yet specified).  In practice, will-power means: (a) the power of willing, desiring or intending to do something, (b) the exercise or use of this power and (c) the capacity to consciously direct, or exercise control over, a mental impulse, tendency or inclination.  Desire is held to be an unsatisfied longing for something.  But longing is itself, by definition, a wish or act of will.  While will-power represents primarily the general capacity or power to consciously and deliberately generate, exercise and control a particular volitional impulse, desire may be said to be an expression of this power in relation to a particular aim or object, which expression may moreover be less deliberate, controlled or conscious.  (For this reason, we sometimes speak of involuntary or subconscious desires but never of involuntary or subconscious will.)  In this sense, desire may be regarded as more emotional and will as more rational.  Apart from this, any distinction between will and desire must be admitted to be merely conceptual rather than actual or real, the two being expressions of the same one psychological capacity, called will-power.  This is only natural, for although ordinary people may sometimes be inclined to differentiate between will and desire, from a Yogic perspective desire always presupposes and hence equals will.  For example, when we say, "God Wills", we clearly mean to say, "God Desires".  The same also applies in the case of Yogis or Enlightened Beings whose inner life functions in complete harmony and unity, whereas in the case of Spiritually untutored people, distinction between will and desire is only perceived due to insufficiency of inner harmony and unity.  To children also, desire and will are one.  Having clarified this point, we may now briefly explain the process whereby, as our verse says, everything is born of will.  We have already shown elsewhere that Consciousness is the ground, or fundamental substratum, of all things.  As such, It has two aspects: one that is unmanifest, constant and still, and one that is manifest, changing and active.  While the unmanifest aspect consists of Intelligence and Bliss which is the natural state of Consciousness, the manifest consists of Knowledge and Action which is the state Consciousness assumes every time It becomes active (Knowledge, etc., being activities of Consciousness).  There are two points or phases that may be distinguished in this.  The first, consists in a kind of indescribable, barely perceptible ripple or vibration (spanda) that stirs the tranquil waters of Consciousness blissfully resting in Itself.  The second, is a clearly defined movement, like a wave rising above the surface and moving in a particular direction.  It is this second moment in the process of transition from the unmanifest to the manifest, or from the potential to the actual, that constitutes volition (or will) properly speaking, the preceding moment being practically identical with Consciousness resting in Itself.  The Power of Will holds within itself the potentiality of all future manifestation.  For example, a potter or a weaver, having resolved in his heart to make a pot or a cloth, makes a mental representation of the object he is about to make according to his resolve, and then translates that representation into action (shaping of clay or weaving) which results in an actual object.  The resolve or will manifests itself as knowledge of the desired object and then as the action that brings about the creation of the object, the object being in the final analysis born of will.  And so is man's life.  Says the Upanishad: "A person is made but of desires.  As is his desire, such is his resolve; as is his resolve, such the action he performs; what action he performs, that itself he becomes (or obtains)" (Brihad-Aranyaka IV, 4:5-7).  As man creates an object, so too, God creates the World as an activity of His Free and Independent Will: "He desired, Would that I were many! Let Me procreate Myself! Thus He created this whole World.  He became whatever there is here" (Taittiriya Upanishad 2:7).  However, since the very nature of Consciousness is Pure, Undifferentiated Intelligence and Bliss, Consciousness wills not only to act or manifest Itself but also to return to, and rest in, Its natural, unmanifest state.  Therefore, the return to the original, blissful tranquillity of Primordial Consciousness is in harmony with Divine Will.  By attuning himself to this, the Yogi returns to the very source and ground of all existence.  Says the Vijnana Bhairava: "If, having perceived the rise of a desire, one puts an end to it, it will merge back in that very place whence it arose" (96).  When the Yogi's awareness has been enhanced and refined through Spiritual Practice (Sadhana), he can observe the surge of a volitional impulse long before it has taken a definite shape.  Then, by letting go of that impulse and directing his attention to its source, it will subside therein like a wave falling back into the Sea.  Having done this, all that is needed is to remain in that Thought-Free, Tranquil and Blissful Sea of Consciousness from Which all movement such as desire, thought, feeling, sense perception and physical action arises and to Which all movement returns.  Thus he returns to his Original State.  Concentration on the initial stir, vibration or pulsation (prathama spanda) of Consciousness that precedes all other activity is therefore a key Yogic Practice.  By constantly returning again and again to the Divine Will which is the Source of all things, the Yogi becomes one with it and acquires Infinite Power.  Says the Shiva Sutra: "The will of a Yogi who has realised the Divine Shiva Consciousness, is one with the Supreme Will-Power of the Lord which manifests and dissolves the Universe at will" (I, 13); "Being united with the Divine Will-Power, the Yogi can create whatever kind of body he desires" (I, 19); and "By the union of his consciousness with the Divine Will, the Yogi acquires the power of joining and disjoining things and events including those that are far away in time and space, according to his will" (I, 20).  And the Tripura Rahasya explains: "Just as dream creations are images moving upon the screen of the mind, so also this World including yourself is nothing but a reflection of Pure Intelligence, like an image seen in a mirror.  Realise that the Self is the Self-Contained Mirror projecting and manifesting this World.  The Self is Pure, Unblemished Consciousness" (XIII, 90-91); "Do you not know that this World is the result of the Lord's Will? It appears real and permanent due to the Power of Divine Will.  Whereas your own creation no one takes seriously and is of no avail due to your own mistrust.  A new thought is effective and durable only so long as it is not obstructed by a previous one.  When it is made strong and effective it dissolves and replaces that which has gone before: in that way great things can be achieved.  Your thoughts do not materialise for the aforesaid reason.  Therefore, you should practise concentration of thought if you desire your own creations to endure" (XIV, 7-16).

 

     16.  O you who are most wise! know that Knowledge is of three kinds: Lowly, Middling and High: Yoga recognises other, more detailed classification systems of knowledge or cognition (Jnana) such as that which distinguishes six forms thereof: indeterminate cognition, determinate cognition, recognition, remembrance, imagination and doubt.  (1) Indeterminate cognition (Nirvikalpa Jnana) is that which arises prior to the formation of thought and corresponds to a state of mind in which nothing can be said about the object of perception, as for example, in deep sleep, in meditation, when we are just born or when we have just opened the eyes and have not yet formed a clear image of the World before us.  At this stage the object is a uniform mass of perception that is barely distinguishable from the perceiving subject.  (2) Determinate cognition (Savikalpa Jnana) is that which arises after a particular object has been selected out of the uniform mass of perception, compared to the memory of similar or identical objects perceived in the past, given a name and attributed certain qualities which enable us to make a positive assertion in respect of the object such as: "I know this", "This is such and such", "I like/dislike this", etc.  (3) Recognition (Pratyabhijna) is that form of knowledge which arises by bringing into relation past and present perceptions of an object.  (4) Remembrance (Smriti) is that knowledge which is born of the revived impressions of past experiences.  (5) Imagination (Utpreksha) is knowledge consisting of mind-created perceptions.  (6) Doubt (Samshaya) is an incomplete or indecisive knowledge that arises from conflicting notions with regard to an object, and which may be expressed as: "It may be this or that", "It may be so or so", etc.  These six may be further expanded to include all forms of human knowledge such as perception, inference, analogy, presumption and so on.  However, for the purposes of establishing proximity to, or distance from, the Self, the three Kinds of Knowledge described in verse 16 are quite sufficient.

 

     49.  O you who are Tigers amongst men: Man-tiger (Mano-vyaghra) is a title given to persons of great Spiritual power.

 

     58.  The Soul remembers his Five Powers Divine: Consciousness is Ultimate Reality.  According to the experience of accomplished Yoga Masters, the Universal Consciousness, Supreme Intelligence or God (Shiva) is an infinite, eternal, independent, self-luminous, self-aware and creative Entity that contains everything that exists within Itself and upon which all experience depends.  The Universe we live in is but the expression of the unlimited Power and Freedom of Consciousness.  Everything that is perceived or conceived to exist is the creation or manifestation of the Universal Consciousness, which is an infinite Power, Force, or Energy.  The natural and essential function of Consciousness is to illuminate or know Its own existence as well as that of all other things.  Consciousness has the unlimited power and freedom to know and to act.  This unlimited power and freedom, known as Para-Shakti (Supreme Power), has five main aspects:

(1).  Intelligence (Chit), or the Power whereby Consciousness can understand or perceive Itself, as well as feel, reflect on and examine the events that occur within Itself.

(2). Joy (Ananda), or the Power whereby Consciousness experiences Its own eternal, independent and infinite peace and satisfaction.

(3). Will-Power (Ichcha), or the Power whereby Consciousness realises Itself as an infinite and independent Force that is able to perform any action.

(4).  Knowledge (Jnana), or the Power whereby Consciousness can shine upon, or reveal the existence of, what is conceived of as objects, holding these in conscious relation with Itself and with one another.

(5).  Action (Kriya), or the Power whereby Consciousness can assume different forms, while remaining essentially a Unity.  More specifically, Action is an offshoot of Knowledge which gives rise to the experience of a fixed series of forms (in which a thing appears), which (forms) do not shine, or appear, simultaneously, but in succession.

These are the Five Powers of God which exist in a greatly limited, dormant form, within us as the natural powers of the Soul.  Through Spiritual Practice (Sadhana) the Divine Powers in us come to life and we return to our original state of Divinity.

 

 

 

 

End of Chapter 6 and Commentary

 

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