LEARN HINDI – LESSON
3
[Lesson 1] [Lesson 2]
[Lesson 3] [Lesson 4] [Lesson
5]
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3 A. COMMON PHRASES yaeh pustak kiskii hai?:
Whose book is this? yaeh merii pustak hai: It is my book aapkii lekhniyaan
kahaan hain?:
Where are your pens? ve yahaan
hain: They are here achchhaa!:
Good! hindii kii pustak kaisii
hai?: How is the Hindi book? vo bahut achchhii hai: It is very good hindii men
“door” ko kyaa kaehte hain?: How does one say “door” in Hindi? “dwaar” kaehte hain:
One says (lit. they
say)”dvaar” aur “window” kyaa kaehte
hain?: And how does one say “window”? “vaataayan” kaehte hain:
One says “vaataayan” bahut achchhaa!: Very good! aap bahut achchhe
vidyaarthii hain: You are a very good student mere ghar aaiye!: Please come to my house! yaeh meraa ghar hai: This is my house merii beTii ghar hai,
par meraa beTaa ghar nahiin hai: My daughter is at home but my son is
not kripayaa, andar aaiye!: Please come in! (Welcome in) baiTHiye!: Please sit down! aapkaa ghar bahut sundar
hai: Your house is very
beautiful kyaa tum jaanti ho ki
shivraaj kahaan hai?: Do you know where Shivraj is? jii nahiin,
main nahiin
jaantii: No,
I don’t know maataa-pitaa ghar par
hain?: Are Mother and Father at home? jii nahiin,
ve nagar men hain:
No, they are in the town aap kyaa kaam karte hain?:
What ( work) do you do? main
adhyaapak huun. main
naye aashram men kaam kartaa huun:
I am a teacher. I work
at the new school aap kyaa khaanaa chaahte
hain? What would you like to eat? mujhe keval phal
chaahye: I
would just like some fruit phal bahut achchhaa hai:
The fruit is very good aap roTii khaaiye!: Have (lit. eat) some bread mujhe jaanaa hai: I have to go aap kahaan
jaate hain? Where are you going? main
kaam jaataa huun: I am going to work B. GRAMMAR
CONJUGATION OF HINDI
VERBS Hindi verbs are conjugated by adding the syllable taa
to the verbal root. Thus if the verb
is KAR-NAA, taa is added to the root KAR, resulting in the imperfect
participle KAR-TAA. The tense is then formed by combining the imperfect
participle with an auxiliary verb, e.g., HO-NAA (to be): KAR-NAA
(TO DO)
JAAN-NAA
(TO KNOW)
JAA-NAA
(TO GO)
NUMBER OF HINDI NOUNS Hindi nouns may be divided into two main groups: (1) masculine
nouns ending in –aa and (2) feminine nouns ending in –ii. Plural: masculine –aa nouns take the ending –e;
feminine –ii nouns take the ending –iyaan. MASCULINE: beTaa (son) -
beTe (sons) laRkaa (boy) -
laRke (boys) FEMININE: beTii (daughter) -
beTiyaan (daughters) laRkii (girl) -
laRkiyaan (girls) Note: among exceptions are feminine nouns ending in a
letter other than ii, which take the plural ending en: mez (table) -
mezen (tables) pustak (book) -
pustaken (books) bahin (sister) - bahinen (sisters) maataa (mother) -
maataaen (mothers) Some nouns, whether masculine or feminine, remain unchanged
in the plural. Their number is gauged from the context. ek ghar (one house) - do
ghar (two houses) ek bhaaii (one brother) - do
bhaaii (two brothers) ADJECTIVES Adjectives are inflected in a similar way and mostly
take the ending of the corresponding noun: MASCULINE achchhaa beTaa (good son) -
achchhe beTe (good sons) baRaa laRkaa (big boy) -
baRe laRke (big boys) FEMININE achchhii beTii (good daughter) -
achchhii beTiyaan (good daughters) baRii laRkii (big girl) -
baRii laRkiyaan (big girls) POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Like verbs, nouns and adjectives, Hindi possessive
pronouns terminate in aa, e or ii according to gender and number. MASCULINE meraa beTaa (my son) -
mere beTe (my sons) meraa bhaaii (my brother) -
mere bhaaii (my brothers) meraa ghar (my house) - mere
ghar (my houses) FEMININE merii beTii (my daughter) -
merii beTiyaan (my daughters) merii bahin (my sister) -
merii bahinen (my sisters) When a pronoun refers to a group of male and female
beings, it takes the masculine plural ending in –e. mere maataa-pitaa (my parents) mere bhaaii aur bahinen (my brothers
and sisters) However, when the pronoun refers to a group of male and
female objects (as opposed to living beings), it takes the masculine or
feminine plural ending which corresponds to the nearest noun. See also verb
gender, LESSON TWO. mere samaachaar-patr aur pustaken: my (masc.)
newspapers and books merii pustaken aur
samaachaar-patr: my (fem.) books and newspapers Note: the pronouns iskaa and uskaa literally mean “of
this” and “of that”, respectively. Similarly, inkaa and unkaa mean “of these”
and “of those”. However, “his, her, its, their” are the usual English
equivalents and these are therefore used in translation. C. VOCABULARY
kaa (masculine
sg.) of ke (masculine
pl.) of kii (feminine) of kiskaa, -e, -ii of whom meraa, -e, -ii my yahaan here achchhaa, -e, -ii good bahut much,
many, very kah-naa to say ko (postposition) to, for dwaar (m.) door vaataayan (m.) window vidyaarthii student aa-naa
to come aa-iye! please
come, welcome! andar inside andar aa-naa to come in beTii
daughter beTaa
son par but kripayaa please baiTH-naa to sit down sundar beautiful ki (conjunction) that jaan-naa to know nagar (m.) town kaam (m.) work kar-naa to do adhyaapak (m.) teacher adhyaapikaa (f.) teacher nayaa, -e, -ii new aashram (m.) school khaa-naa to eat chah-naa to want keval only phal (m.) fruit roTii (f.) bread khaanaa (m.) food jaa-naa to go |
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